第两百二十四章 对暹罗的政策

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曼谷王朝初期<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>君主继续实行等级森严的“萨克迪纳”制<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>加强中央集权统治<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>同时也对旧的徭役制度和税收制度进行改革<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>主要措施是减少服徭役时间和增加实物税的项目,因此人身依附得以减轻由于吞武里、曼谷及其附近地区的开发<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>湄南河三角洲肥沃平原被开拓为新的农业耕作区<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>水稻耕植面积逐渐扩大<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>甘蔗、胡椒的种植也发展起来<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>制糖、制盐和金属加工工业也随之兴起<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>航海、造船以及与之相适应的木材开采加工工业也随着对外贸易的发达而发展起来<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>贸易和生产的发展吸引了中国南方尤其是广东沿海居民前来谋生<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>这些中国侨民受到当地居民和政府的欢迎<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>

近现代<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>曼谷王朝传至第四代君王蒙固王<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>或称马古大帝（即拉玛四世<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>1851～1868在位）时代<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>亚洲两个文明古国印度和中国已沦为西方列强的殖民地和半殖民地<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>蒙固王屈从于英国的压力<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>于1855年与英国政府代表J.鲍林签订了英暹通商条约<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>条约破坏了暹罗传统的司法独立、关税自主和宫廷垄断对外贸易的政策<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>其他西方列强也纷纷效法前来订约<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>从此暹罗沦为半殖民地（见鲍林条约）<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>同时因为西方国家的纷纷入侵<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>曼谷王朝也不得不开始了国家开放政策<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>

19世纪末至20世纪初<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>英法两国已经分别在暹罗东西两边建立英属印度和法属印度支那殖民地<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>1896年英法签订〈关于暹罗等地的宣言〉<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>将暹罗列为两个殖民地之间的「缓冲国」<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>其后英法于1904年划定势力范围：湄南河以东为法国势力范围<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>以西为英国势力范围<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>暹罗虽然没有成为列强殖民地<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>例外地成为东南亚地区中唯一在政治上保持独立的国家<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>但是它已处在西方势力的团团包围之中<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134806315.png)'></span>仍然受到英法的诸多压制<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134697129/12786725/4438803390134757413.png)'></span>