第两百一十七章 西康空军(2)

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1903年12月17日莱特兄弟驾驶他们制造的飞行器员进行首次持续的、有动力的、可操纵的飞行<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

1915年12月<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>德国的容克制造了一架全金属飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>该飞机使用的是薄薄的罐头盒铁皮制作而成<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>并非现在的铝合金材料<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>所以这架飞机被戏称为“驴罐头”<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

1927年至1932年中<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>座舱仪表和领航设备的研制取得进展<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>陀螺技术应用到飞行仪表上<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这个装在万向支架上的旋转飞轮能够在空间保持定向<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>于是成为引导驾驶员能在黑暗中、雨雪天中飞行的各种导航仪表的基础<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这时飞机中就出现了人工地平仪<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>它能向飞行员指示飞机所处的飞行高度；陀螺磁罗盘指示器<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>在罗盘上刻有度数<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>可随时显示出航向的变化；地磁感应罗盘<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>它不受飞机上常常带有的大量铁质东西的影响<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>也不受振动和地球磁场的影响<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这些仪表以灵敏度高、能测出离地30多米的高度表和显示飞机转弯角速度的转弯侧滑仪<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>此外还有指示空中航线的无线电波束<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>都是用来引导驾驶员通过模糊不清的大气层时的手段<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

飞行仿真器又称飞行模拟器<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>它是一种可以在地面模仿飞机的飞行状态<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>1930年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>美国人埃德温·林克发明了第一个飞行仿真器<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>并且以自己名字命名为“林克练习器”<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>尽管它存在着技术上的缺陷<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>但是<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>它已经体现了不使用真实飞机就能安全、经济地反复进行紧急状态动作训练的优点<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>如今现在的飞机模拟器已经由计算机、模拟驾驶舱、运动系统、操纵负载系统和视景系统等组成<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>是现代航空科研、教学、试验等不能缺少的技术设备<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>