第两百一十七章 西康空军

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法国人认为世界最早的飞机是由法国人克雷芒·阿德尔发明<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>于1890年10月9日在法国试飞成功<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>部分人认为他发明了历史上第一架飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

美国人认为飞机的发明者是美国人莱特兄弟<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>于1903年12月17日在美国试飞成功<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

巴西人认为是巴西人阿尔贝托·桑托斯·杜蒙特发明了飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>1906年10月12日桑托斯-杜蒙特的“14　bis”飞机成功地飞至60米高空是世界上第一次成功的动力飞行<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>之前的飞行并没有达到真正意义上“飞”的标准<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

1903年美国莱特兄弟设计制造的飞机进行了成功的飞行<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>这是世界上首次实现重于空气的航空器的有动力、可操纵的飞行<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>第一次世界大战中<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>飞机已用于作战<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>当时飞机的速度已达180～220千米/时<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>升限6000～7000米<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>航程400～450千米<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>轰炸机载弹量1000～2000千克<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

初期的飞机都使用的是单台发动机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>在飞行中<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>常常会出现发动机突然关车的故障<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这对飞行安全始终是个威胁<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>1911年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>英国的肖特兄弟申请了多台发动机设计的专利<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>他们的双发动机系统<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>能使每一个飞行员都不用担心因发动机停车而使飞机下降<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这在航空安全方面是一个重大的进展<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>人们把按照肖特专利制造的第一架飞机称为“3·2”型飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这个名字告诉人们<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>这种飞机装有3副螺旋桨<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>2台发动机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这种飞机还装有两套飞行操纵机构<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>因此<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>两名驾驶员都能操纵飞机而不必换座位<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>