第两百一十九章 天朝的文化入侵（一）(4)

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1900年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>法国的梅利埃斯和帕特于采用模板机械印制法逐幅画成彩色电影胶片<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>1903年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>法国的莱昂·迪迪埃发明了一项与色染印法有关的技术<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>1908年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>法国的贝尔通发明了一种透镜加色法<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>它是将三基色红<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>绿<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>蓝混合相加得到彩色图像的方法<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>1912年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>德国的菲舍尔发现<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>利用某些化学物质的氧化和偶合作用可以生成颜料<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>在此之后<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>贝拉·加斯帕发明了分解胶片颜色膜成像的彩色技术<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>美国柯达公司及时地购买了这项技术专利<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>并推出彩色胶片<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>　1932年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>美国的沃尔特·迪斯尼第一次用三基**染印法拍摄动画片《花与树》<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>　1935年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>世界第一部真正的彩色电影《虚荣城市》问世<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>

1939年所拍摄的历久不衰的《飘》树立了彩色电影史的一座丰碑<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>获当年奥斯卡最佳彩色电影摄影奖、最佳彩色服装效果设计奖和彩色运用特别成就奖<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>

彩色电影无疑能够满足观众更强烈感官刺激的需要<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594232/12786725/-7603540538385791062.png)'></span>所以一经问世即迅速为大众接受<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594222/12786725/-8895510680060999164.png)'></span>美国好莱坞的导演们十分敏感地捕捉到这一巨大商机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594237/12786725/-1194073844202850457.png)'></span>在40年代纷纷加入到彩色电影的行列<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594227/12786725/2127893832363034821.png)'></span>他们对色彩的细腻感受和灵活运用促成了一批彩色经典影片的面世<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594227/12786725/2127893832363034821.png)'></span>奥斯卡评委对于商业气息的敏感性一点也不差于片商<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594237/12786725/-1194073844202850457.png)'></span>在1939年就不失时机地将最佳摄影奖一劈为二<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594237/12786725/-1194073844202850457.png)'></span>一个给黑白片<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594237/12786725/-1194073844202850457.png)'></span>另一个给彩色片<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594227/12786725/2127893832363034821.png)'></span>

不过黑白片毕竟出有他独特的魅力<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594227/12786725/2127893832363034821.png)'></span>在彩色一统江山的时代<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594237/12786725/-1194073844202850457.png)'></span>也有不少导演用黑与白来表达他们的电影思想或意图<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594227/12786725/2127893832363034821.png)'></span>比如<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594237/12786725/-1194073844202850457.png)'></span>希区柯克拍黑白的《精神病患者》是为了不把观众吓得过惨；史皮尔伯格在1995年拍摄黑白的《辛德勒名单》是为了反映历史的凝重；罗斯托茨基的《这里的黎明静悄悄》用黑与白表现战争和现实的残酷<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594237/12786725/-1194073844202850457.png)'></span>而用彩色来表现对爱情和美好生活的向往<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594237/12786725/-1194073844202850457.png)'></span>让色彩的反差来引起观众憎恨战争、憧憬和平的共鸣<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134594227/12786725/2127893832363034821.png)'></span>