第一百七十七章 慕尼黑

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1923年11月8日<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>希特勒和他的支持者（当时都集中在慕尼黑）发动了“啤酒馆政变”<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>率冲锋队逮捕了当地的长官<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>希望推翻魏玛共和国<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>夺取政权<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>政变失败后希特勒被捕<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>纳粹党暂时遭到挫折<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>实际上<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>当时纳粹党在慕尼黑以外还无人知晓<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>希特勒在狱中写下了《我的奋斗》<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>政变共导致16名纳粹和4名警察死亡<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>事后巴伐利亚政府在4名警察殉职的地点安置了纪念牌<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>

1924年2月26日<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>希特勒与其部下鲁道夫·赫斯被判监五年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>鲁登道夫则被判无罪<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>在牢狱中<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>赫斯担当秘书<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>协助希特勒撰写了《我的奋斗》<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>作为后者的自传与政治思想的代表作<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>这次政变虽被镇压<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>却提高了希特勒在党内的地位<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>同时希特勒明白到不能以武力夺权<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>而是应该用合法的途径<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>希特勒最后在该年12月被释放<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>但赫斯则坐牢七年半<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>

1933年纳粹党在德国掌权后<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>慕尼黑再度成为纳粹据点<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>纳粹在慕尼黑西北16公里处的达豪建立了第一个集中营<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>由于慕尼黑是纳粹兴起的发祥地<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>纳粹将该市称为“运动首都”<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>纳粹党总部设在慕尼黑<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602347331.png)'></span>国王广场附近建有许多领袖建筑<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133591825/12786725/4864393555602332237.png)'></span>