第一百五十九章 金融改革 （一）(4)

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而且白银法案很快就会通过了<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219417/12786725/-7905563189237472437.png)'></span>王九龄要抓紧时间进行金融改革<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219417/12786725/-7905563189237472437.png)'></span>美国要通过《白银法案》的消息以及会对中国造成什么样的伤害<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219417/12786725/-7905563189237472437.png)'></span>王九龄早就传达给了老蒋等人<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>而且还不止一次<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>老蒋那边这么做<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>王九龄不知道<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>但是这么久了还没什么动静<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>王九龄便不会再等法币的发行了<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>那样以后就算法币发行了<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>老蒋也没有权利约束王九龄发行纸币<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>机会王九龄已经给了<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>

《白银法案》美国是生产白银的传统大国<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>在20世纪30年代<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>美国资本控制了世界白银生产的　66%和白银冶炼的77%<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>但是白银工业在美国经济中并不占有很重要的地位<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>根据1934年的数据<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>当年白银的产值不过3200　万美元<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>少于花生和马铃薯的产值<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>比小麦和棉花的产值就更少了<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>但是<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>白银对于生产比较集中的西部七州（犹他、爱达荷、亚利桑那、蒙大拿、内华达、科罗拉多和新墨西哥州<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>）却很重要<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>而来自这七个产银州的参议员控制了参议院中1/7的投票权<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>以这些州的议员尤其是民主党的议员为核心<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>再包括铜、铅、锌等以白银为副产品的生产者就形成了所谓的白银集团<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>美国政府和政客们发现只有取悦白银集团<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>才有可能顺利通过其他的政策或者法案<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>

1929年的大萧条给白银生产者带来了严重的打击<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>白银价格急剧下降<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>由1928年的每盎司58美分下降到1930年的38美分<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>而到了1932年下半年更是下降到了25美分<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>在这种情况下<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>白银集团立刻展开了抬升白银价格的游说活动<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>例如召开国际会议、要求政府按高于市场的价格购买和储备白银、铸造和发行银币等<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>但这些游说活动在胡佛总统的任上并没有取得什么效果<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>1932年11月<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>民主党人罗斯福当选为美国总统<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>民主党在国会选举中也取得了重大胜利<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>与此同时<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>白银集团的紧密盟友-来自农业州的民主党参议员的势力也得到了加强<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>因此<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219422/12786725/-1496096494920030438.png)'></span>白银集团的影响和游说活动空前高涨<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>而当时罗斯福总统为了通过有关新经济政策的一系列法案也需要白银集团的支持<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>部分纵容了白银集团的活动（著名的白银参议员皮特曼时任美国参议院外事委员会主席<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>就曾经宣称<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>如果罗斯福总统不提高对白银生产者的补贴<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>他将要求参议院不对“中立法”进行表决<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>）<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>1934年6月通过的《白银收购法案》标志着白银集团的游说活动达到了**<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>

历史上的中国为银本位国家<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>美国白银购买法案使中国遭受货币紧缩、经济损失、白银巨量流出<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>令人震惊……到时候中国为避免损失计<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>不可能单独维持银本位制度<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219427/12786725/7221465012081966187.png)'></span>故已考虑逐渐采用金本位制度<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133219407/12786725/-9195281531098994651.png)'></span>

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