第一百五十四章 炼钢(4)

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王九龄之所以没有设置机枪生产线<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>就是留给他的<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>

随着钒钛铁的提炼成功<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>加上里面的杂质是各种各样的金属<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>技术人员发现单纯的把铁练出来是绝对难以行的通的<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>既然是钒钛铁矿那就说明里面这三种元素很多<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>所以需要一种一种的练出来<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>

1830年瑞典化学家塞夫斯特伦（　sefstrom　N　g<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>1787-1845<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>)在研究斯马兰矿区的铁矿时<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>用酸溶解铁<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>在残渣中发现了钒<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>因为钒的化合物的颜色五颜六色<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>十分漂亮<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>所以就用古希腊神话中一位叫凡娜迪丝“vanadis”的美丽女神的名字给这种新元素起名叫“vanadium”<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>中文按其译音定名为钒<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>塞夫斯特伦、维勒、贝采里乌斯等人都曾研究过钒<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>确认钒的存在<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>但他们始终没有分离出单质钒<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>在塞夫斯特伦发现钒后三十多年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>1869年英国化学家罗斯科（Roscoe　h　e<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>1833-1915)用氢气还原二氧化钒<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>才第一次制得了纯净的金属钒<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>

钒具有众多优异的物理性能和化学性能<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>因而钒的用途十分广泛<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>有金属“维生素”之称<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>最初的钒大多应用于钢铁<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>通过细化钢的组织和晶粒<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>提高晶粒粗化温度<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>从而起到增加钢的强度、韧性和耐磨性<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>后来<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>人们逐渐又发现了钒在钛合金中的优异改良作用<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>并应用到航空航天领域<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>从而使得航空航天工业取得了突破性的进展<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>随着科学技术水平的飞跃发展<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>人类对新材料的要求日益提高<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>钒在非钢铁领域的应用越来越广泛<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263190/12786725/-7731330177520814102.png)'></span>其范围涵盖了航空航天、化学、电池、颜料、玻璃、光学、医药等众多领域<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>

应用领域　占总量比例（%）　主要用途　使用产品

碳素钢25　钢筋　Fev

hsLa钢　25　建筑<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>石油管道　Fev

高合金钢20　铸件<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>石油管配件　Fev

工具钢15　高速工具钢<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>耐磨件　Fev(80%v)

钛合金10　喷气式发动机零件<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>飞行器机　v-al基合金

化学制品　5　硫酸和顺丁烯二酸酐生产　v2o5和其它钒化合物

1947年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>人们才开始在工厂里冶炼钛<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>当年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>产量只有2吨<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>1955年产量激增到2万吨<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>1972年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>年产量达到了　20万吨<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>钛的硬度与钢铁差不多<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>而它的重量几乎只有同体积的钢铁的一半<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>钛虽然稍稍比铝重一点<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>它的硬度却比铝大2倍<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>现在<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>在宇宙火箭和导弹中<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>就大量用钛代替钢铁<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>据统计<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>　目前世界上每年用于宇宙航行的钛<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>已达一千吨以上<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263175/12786725/710385850863222413.png)'></span>极细的钛粉<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>还是火箭的好燃料<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>所以钛被誉为宇宙金属<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263195/12786725/-1319611683557690485.png)'></span>空间金属<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349133263180/12786725/-9021048519449380268.png)'></span>